Scientists assembled tiny living machines from biological cells. Xenobots, built from frog stem cells and designed with algorithms, can move and even self-replicate in a limited way. They blur the line between organism and machine.
Living machines
The parts are cells. Frog stem cells are shaped into novel forms. They are not natural organisms.
Algorithmic design
Computers helped. Evolutionary algorithms proposed body plans. Designs were then built.
Movement
Behavior emerged. The clusters swim and push objects. Function appeared.
Kinematic replication
A surprise followed. Xenobots gathered cells to make copies. Replication was unusual.
Ethical questions
Discussion arose. Designing living machines raises concerns. Debate is early.
Future uses
Speculation is broad. Possible roles include sensing or cleanup. Reality is distant.
The bottom line
Xenobots are tiny living machines built from algorithm-designed frog cells that move and even self-replicate in a limited way. They blur organism and machine. Their uses and ethics are early questions.
