Stacking two solar materials pushed efficiency past long-standing limits. Tandem cells layering perovskite atop silicon capture more of the spectrum. Records climbed rapidly toward a third of sunlight converted.
Two layers, more light
The stack is complementary. Perovskite grabs blue light, silicon the red. Together they harvest more.
Record efficiency
Numbers climbed fast. Tandems surpassed the best single-junction silicon. A ceiling was broken.
Cheap materials
Cost is attractive. Perovskites are printable and abundant. Manufacturing could be inexpensive.
Stability challenge
The hurdle is durability. Perovskites degrade under heat and moisture. Encapsulation is key.
Toward market
Commercialization nears. Pilot lines are being built. Products approach.
Scaling questions
Uncertainty remains. Large-area, durable modules are unproven. Work continues.
The bottom line
Perovskite-silicon tandem cells broke efficiency records by capturing more of the spectrum. The materials are cheap but degrade, so durability is the challenge. Commercialization is approaching.